Air Quality Planning and Science Division

Port Congestion Impacts

                                                                                                                                                                                               < BACK TO CURRENT ACTIVITIES

In 2021, ports in California experienced a substantial increase in cargo imports, resulting in significant congestion at terminals and in surrounding areas. This has led to emissions increases from freight-related sources which can negatively impact air quality especially in communities near ports. The following documents detail the emission impacts from freight related sources due to this congestion.

Freight Congestion Impacts from Containerships, Cruise, Tanker Vessels, Trucks, Locomotives, Cargo Handling Equipment - Posted February 2023
Freight Congestion Impacts from Containerships, Trucks, Locomotives, Cargo Handling Equipment - Posted June 2022

Freight Congestion Impacts from Containerships, Trucks, Locomotives, Cargo Handling Equipment - Posted January 2022

Containerships Anchored at San Pedro Bay Ports - Posted November 2021

Freight Congestion Impacts from Containerships, Trucks, Locomotives - Posted September 2021

Containerships Anchored at San Pedro Bay Ports and Port of Oakland - Posted June 2021

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Off-Road Diesel Models and Documentation

Please use the OFFROAD2021 Web Query Tool to access the latest outputs.

Off-Road Diesel Engine Emissions Factors

Agricultural Equipment

Cargo Handling Equipment (CHE)

  • Equipment Class: Equipment used at ports and intermodal rail yards
  • Includes: Diesel, propane, gasoline, and electric equipment
  • Data Sources: Inventory is based on 2019 reports from Port of Los Angeles, Port of Long Beach, and Port of Oakland, and 2019 data reported to CARB for intermodal railyards and ports not previously listed.
  • Emissions Inventory
  • Additional Links

Construction, Mining, Industrial and Oil Drilling Equipment over 25hp, Diesel, Subjected to In-Use Regulation

  • Equipment Class: Self-propelled equipment used in all off-road applications (except for agriculture), this includes but is not limited to construction, mining, oil drilling and industrial
  • Includes: Over 25 horsepower, self-propelled, diesel equipment only
  • Emissions Inventory
  • Additional Links
  • Data Sources: Inventory based on DOORS reporting data from 2008/2009. Growth is based on construction-starts forecast, updated in 2011

Construction, Mining, Industrial and Oil Drilling Equipment, Diesel and Gasoline of all horsepower, Not Subject to In-Use Regulation

    • Equipment Class: Construction and mining and industrial equipment such as small backhoes, mini-excavators or other small equipment, forklifts, etc.
    • Includes: Diesel under 25 horsepower, or gasoline of all horsepowers, self-propelled
    • Data Sources: Inventory is based on the Off-Road 2007 model

    Commercial Harbor Craft (CHC)

      Forestry Equipment

      Forestry Equipment

       

      • Equipment Class: Forestry equipment includes mobile equipment used for on-site logging and mill operations.
      • Includes: self-propelled diesel equipment of all horsepowers
      • Data Sources: Forestry-specific statewide survey, on-site operations and mill logging activity, timber harvest statistics, and geographical information on logging activities. 
      • Emissions Inventory

      Large Spark-Ignition (Forklift) Equipment 

      Forklift on the road.

      • Equipment Class: Large Spark-Ignition (LSI) equipment includes forklifts, sweeper/scrubbers, and tow tractors used in industrial operations including but not limited to manufacturing, wholesale, transportation and utilities, and retail.
      • Includes: natural gas and gasoline-powered equipment of all horsepowers
      • Data Sources: DOORS 2020 LSI Database, DOORS 2020 Fleet Surveys, Fullerton Survey, 2020 ITA California and National Forklift Sales, and Census survey on industrial warehouse space.
      • Emissions Inventory:

      Locomotives

       

      Ocean Going Vessels

      Portable Equipment OVER 50 Hp, Diesel, Subject to Portable ATCM (Updated, October 2017)

      Portable Equipment UNDER 50 Horsepower, Diesel and Gasoline, Not Subject to Portable ATCM

      • Equipment Class: Portable Engines
      • Includes: Diesel under 50 horsepower, or gasoline of all horsepowers, portable (not self propelled, not stationary)
      • Data Sources: Inventory is based on the OFFROAD2007 model

      Transport Refrigeration Units (TRU)

      Off-Road Gas Equipment

       

       

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      Off-Road Gasoline Models and Documentation

      Please use the OFFROAD2021 Web Query Tool to access the latest outputs.

      Aircraft Model

      Recreational Marine Vessels

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      Recreational Vehicles

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      Outboard Marine Tank

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      Portable Fuel Tanks

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      Small Off-Road Engines (SORE)

      SORE Equipment

      Off-Road Diesel Equipment

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      EMFAC2014 Model and Previous Versions

                                                                                                                                                                                                          BACK TO ON-ROAD (EMFAC)  

      EMFAC2014 (U.S. EPA Approved)

      EMFAC2014 Updates

      Updates From v1.0.1 to v1.0.7 

      Updates

      Impacts

      Mode

      Area

      Vehicle

      Model Year

      Calendar Year

      Pollutant

      Added pre-1965 population from DMV to model year 1965

      All

      All

      LDV

      1965

      2000-2008

      All

      Added evaporative, and tire & brake wear emissions for pre-2000 model year electric vehicles in San Diego and Imperial counties

      All

      San Diego & Imperial County

      LDA & LDT1

      Pre-2000

      2000-2043

      HC,ROG,
      TOG,PM,
      PM2.5,PM10

      Revised codes for Custom Activity to correctly scale emissions by speed fractions when multiple inputs are loaded

      Custom Activity Batch Process

      All

      All

      All

      All

      All

      Revised CO2 emission rates for LDT2 and MDV under Advanced Clean Cars (ACC)

      Emissions

      All

      Gas LDT2 & MDV

      >2022

      >2022

      CO2*,Fuel,
      SOx

      Excluded Auxiliary Power Systems (APS) from T7 idle emission rates

      Emission Rates

      All

      T7

      <2008

      >2007

      All

      EMFAC2011

      EMFAC2007

      EMFAC2002

      EMFAC2001

      EMFAC2000

      Archived Technical Documentation and Support Memos

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      EMFAC2017 Model and Documentation

                                                                                                                                                                                                           BACK TO ON-ROAD (EMFAC) 

      EMFAC2017 Interim Off-Model Adjustment Factors for the Heavy-Duty Inspection and Maintenance Program
      EMFAC2017 (U.S. EPA Approved)
      EMFAC2017 Updates

      Updates from v1.0.2 to v1.0.3

      • Fixed a bug in custom activity (SG) mode related to multi-year speed profiles entries
      • Fixed a bug related to methane (CH4) speciation for gasoline vehicles

      Updates from v1.0.1 to v1.0.2

      UpdatesImpacts
      ModeVehicleModel YearCalendar YearPollutant
      Update to MY2022—2024 CO2 emission ratesAllLDV2022—20242022—2050CO2, Fuel
      Update to UBUS VMTAllUBUSAllAllVMT
            
      EMFAC2017 Adjustment Factors
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      EMFAC2021 Model and Documentation

                                                                                                                                                                                                           < BACK TO ON-ROAD (EMFAC)

      EMFAC2021 Off-Model Adjustment Factors to Remove the Impact of Advanced Clean Trucks, Zero-Emission Airport Shuttle, Heavy-Duty Omnibus and Warranty Phase I Regulations - PL Guidance

      EMFAC2021 Off-Model Adjustment Factors to Remove the Impact of Advanced Clean Trucks, Zero-Emission Airport Shuttle, Heavy-Duty Omnibus and Warranty Phase I Regulations

      EMFAC2021 Off-Model Greenhouse Gas Adjustment Factors to Remove the Impact of Advanced Clean Trucks, Zero-Emission Airport Shuttle, Heavy-Duty Omnibus and Warranty Phase I Regulations

      EMFAC2021 Interim Off-Model Adjustment Factors for the Heavy-Duty Inspection and Maintenance Program
      EMFAC2021 (U.S. EPA Approved)
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      EI Support and Regulations

                                                                                                                                                                                                      BACK TO ON-ROAD (EMFAC) 

      Advanced Clean Fleets

      Advanced Clean Cars II

      Heavy-Duty Inspection and Maintenance

      Heavy-Duty Omnibus

      Advanced Clean Trucks

      Innovative Clean Transit

      Warranty Phase I

      Amendments to HDVIP/PSIP

      Advanced Clean Cars

      Truck and Bus

      Drayage Trucks

      Public / Utility Fleets

      Solid Waste Collection Vehicles

      Clean Cars Standards - Pavley, Assembly Bill 1493

      SB 375 - Sustainable Communities

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      Modeling Tools

      Category specific emissions estimates have been developed over the past several years in support of specific agency regulatory objectives. The EMFAC emissions model is developed and used by CARB to assess emissions from on-road vehicles including cars, trucks, and buses in California, and to support CARB's regulatory and air quality planning efforts to meet the Federal Highway Administration's transportation planning requirements. US EPA approves EMFAC for use in State Implementation Plan and transportation conformity analyses. In the past CARB released the Off-Road model which calculated emissions from off-road sources. The Off-Road model is now being replaced by category specific methods and inventory models that are being developed for specific regulatory support projects. The categories listed below have been or are being updated with new methods and data. Where available, new inventories and models are provided.

      Mobile Source Inventories for California

      On-Road Category

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      Off-Road Equipment

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      Off-Road Categories

      CARB currently maintains separate off-road models for sector-specific equipment categories that align with applicability and scope used by regulatory, incentive, and other air quality programs. If a category is not listed below, OFFROAD2007 is the most current model for estimating emissions. A comprehensive web query tool is available to access the most recent model outputs from all off-road categories.

      OFFROAD Database

      Off-Road Web Platform

      Gasoline CategoryGasoline Equipment
      Diesel CategoryDiesel Equipment
      Advanced Clean EquipmentAdvanced Clean Equipment Documentation
      Port Congestion ImpactsDocumentation
      Archive
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