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Regulations
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To view a calendar of important deadlines pertaining to the Drayage, Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF), Clean Truck Check, Transport Refrigeration Unit (TRU), Zero-Emission Airport Shuttle, and Innovative Clean Transit (ICT) regulations, view our Regulatory Deadlines Calendar page.
When developing new or amending existing regulations, CARB’s goal is to obtain emission reductions to meet federal air quality standards, minimize negative health effects in the State’s most impacted and disadvantaged communities, and to lessen climate impacts.
CARB collaborates closely with stakeholders to ensure regulations are technologically feasible and cost-effective. These regulations can require manufacturers to develop and commercialize zero-emission technologies as well as increase or accelerate user adoption of those technologies. CARB also sets certification standards through new engine and vehicle emission control regulations. The development of zero-emission certification standards are critical for the widespread deployment of zero-emission technologies through regulations and incentive programs. Below are some of the regulations that CARB currently has in place or under development to accelerate the deployment and adoption of zero-emission technologies in on-road applications:
Innovative Clean Transit Regulation
- Requires cleanest available technology for transit buses
- Beginning 2026, 50% of large and 25% of small transit agency new bus purchases must be zero-emission buses
- Beginning 2029, 100% of transit agency new bus purchases must be zero-emission buses
- The goal is to transition to a 100% zero-emission bus fleet by 2040
Zero-Emission Bus Purchase Schedule (ZEB % of Total New Bus Purchase) | ||
---|---|---|
Calendar Year | Large Transit | Small Transit |
2023-2025 | 25% | - |
2026-2028 | 50% | 25% |
2029+ | 100% | 100% |
Zero-Emission Airport Shuttle Regulation
- Requires cleanest available technology for airport ground transportation
- By end of 2027, airport shuttle fleets must have 33% of shuttles be zero-emission
- By end of 2035, 100% of airport shuttles must be zero-emission
Zero-Emission Airport Fleet Percentage Requirement | |
---|---|
Year | Fleet Percentage |
2028 | 33% |
2036 | 100% |
Advanced Clean Trucks Regulation
- Requires manufacturers who certify Class 2b-8 chassis or complete vehicles with combustion engines to sell zero-emission trucks as an increasing percentage of their annual California sales
- By 2035, zero-emission truck/chassis sales must be 55% of class 2b to class 3 truck sales, 75% of class 4 to class 8 straight truck sales, and 40% of truck tractor sales
Manufacturer Zero-Emission Sales Percentage Requirement | |||
---|---|---|---|
Model Year | Class 2b-3 | Class 4-8 | Class 7-8 |
2024 | 5% | 9% | 5% |
2025 | 7% | 11% | 7% |
2026 | 10% | 13% | 10% |
2027 | 15% | 20% | 15% |
2028 | 20% | 30% | 20% |
2029 | 25% | 40% | 25% |
2030 | 30% | 50% | 30% |
2031 | 35% | 55% | 35% |
2032 | 40% | 60% | 40% |
2033 | 45% | 65% | 40% |
2034 | 50% | 70% | 40% |
2035 | 55% | 75% | 40% |
Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF) Regulation
The California Air Resources Board (CARB or Board) adopted the Advanced Clean Fleets regulation in April 2023. The Office of Administrative Law (OAL) has not yet approved the regulation; however, this web page provides information as adopted by the Board and that would go into effect when approved by OAL.
Sets world-first end to combustion engine sales for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles in California with a 100% zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) sales requirement on truck manufacturers starting in 2036.
Initial requirements focus on drayage trucks at the ports, state and local government fleets, and high priority fleets with vehicles that are suitable for electrification, their subhaulers, and entities that hire them.
ACF Regulation Homepage
ACF Regulation Fact Sheets
Helpful Videos
ACF: Drayage
- Applies to Class 7-8 on-road trucks operating at California's seaports and intermodal railyards
- Legacy trucks may operate until the end of their useful life cycle
- Must visit a regulated seaport or railyard at least once a year
- May use limited extensions
ACF Drayage Model Year Schedule Summary | |
---|---|
December 31, 2023 | Registration required for legacy trucks |
January 1, 2024 | Newly added drayage trucks must be ZEVs |
January 1, 2025 | Must annually report mileage for trucks over 12 years |
January 1, 2035 | All drayage trucks must be ZEVs |
ACF: High Priority and Federal Fleets
Applies to:
- Fleets with 50+ vehicles, including common ownership and control
- Fleets with greater than $50 million in revenue
- Federal government fleets
- Entities that hire or dispatch fleets
Affected Vehicles:
- Class 2b-8 on-road vehicles
- Off-road yard tractors
- Light-duty package delivery vehicles
Two Compliance Paths, with flexibility to add new or used ICE vehicles meeting cleanest engine requirements:
- Model year schedule
- Legacy trucks may operate until the end of their useful life*.
- May use certain exemptions and extensions
- ICE vehicle removals begin January 2025
- Flexibility to add new or used ICE vehicles meeting cleanest engine requirements when granted exemptions to purchase ICE vehicles
ACF High Priority & Federal Fleets Model Year Schedule Summary | |
---|---|
February 1, 2024 | Registration required for legacy trucks |
January 1, 2024 | Newly added trucks must be ZEVs or NZEVs |
February 1, 2025 | Must annually report mileage for tractors over 12 years |
January 1, 2025 | ICE vehicles removed after useful life exceeded |
- ZEV milestones option
- Open to High Priority and State and Local Government fleets
- Must meet ZEV milestones as a percentage of the total California fleet
- Flexibility to add new or used ICE vehicles meeting cleanest engine requirements
ACF Optional ZEV Milestone Phase-In | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zero-Emission Fleet Percentage | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% |
Group 1: Box trucks, vans, 2-axle buses, yard trucks, light-duty package delivery vehicles | 2025 | 2028 | 2031 | 2033 | 2035 |
Group 2: Work trucks, day cab tractors, 3-axle buses | 2027 | 2030 | 2033 | 2036 | 2039 |
Group 3: Sleeper cab tractors and specialty vehicles | 2030 | 2033 | 2036 | 2039 | 2042 |
*Useful life for high priority fleets is a maximum 18 years of age or those with more than 800,000 miles and are at least 13 years old. For California fleets, all additions must be ZEVs and legacy trucks must be removed after the end of their useful life. See model year schedule example chart.
Example Model Year Schedule | ||
---|---|---|
Please note that this is just an example and may not reflect or be applicable to your fleet | ||
Legacy Truck | <800,000 miles | >800,000 miles |
Engine Year | 18 years | 13 years |
2010 | 2028 | 2023 |
2011 | 2029 | 2024 |
2012 | 2030 | 2025 |
2013 | 2031 | 2026 |
2014 | 2032 | 2027 |
2015 | 2033 | 2028 |
2016 | 2034 | 2029 |
2017 | 2035 | 2030 |
2018 | 2036 | 2031 |
2019 | 2037 | 2032 |
2020 | 2038 | 2033 |
2021 | 2039 | 2034 |
2022 | 2040 | 2035 |
2023 | 2041 | 2036 |
2024 | 2042 | 2037 |
ACF: State & Local Government
- Agencies in designated counties and divisions with 10 or fewer trucks are exempt until 2027
- May use exemptions and extensions
Two compliance paths with flexibility to add new or used ICE vehicles meeting cleanest engine requirements:
- Default option is a zero-emission purchase requirement that aligns with public fleet purchasing cycles. Starting in 2024, 50% of purchases must be zero-emission. Starting 2027, all purchases must be zero-emission.
ACF State & Local Governments Model Year Schedule Summary | |
---|---|
2024-2026 | 50% of purchases must be ZEV or near-zero emission vehicles (NZEV) |
January 1, 2027 | All purchases must be ZEV or NZEV |
- May use Optional ZEV milestone phase-in
- Open to High Priority and State and Local Government fleets
- Must meet ZEV milestones as a percent of total fleet
Optional ZEV Milestone Phase-In | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zero-Emission Fleet Percentage | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 100% |
Group 1: Box trucks, vans, 2-axle buses, yard trucks, light-duty package delivery vehicles | 2025 | 2028 | 2031 | 2033 | 2035 |
Group 2: Work trucks, day cab tractors, 3-axle buses | 2027 | 2030 | 2033 | 2036 | 2039 |
Group 3: Sleeper cab tractors and specialty vehicles | 2030 | 2033 | 2036 | 2039 | 2042 |
Zero-Emission Powertrain Certification Regulation
- Sets a zero-emission powertrain standard and certification process that will help reduce variability in the quality and increase reliability of heavy-duty electric and fuel cell vehicles
- Ensures vehicle and powertrain information are effectively and consistently communicated to purchasers
- Accelerates progress towards greater vehicle reparability
- Certification process required by Zero-Emission Airport Shuttle Regulation starting in model year 2026 and the Advanced Clean Trucks Regulation starting in model year 2024
Zero-Emission Powertrain Certification Requirement | |
---|---|
Year | Regulation |
2024 | Advanced Clean Trucks Regulation |
2026 | Zero-Emission Airport Shuttle Regulation |
Zero-Emission Transport Refrigeration Unit (TRU) Regulation
- As of October 1, 2022, the effective date of the 2022 Amendments, truck TRUs are no longer subject to the in-use performance standards and are required to meet a zero-emission fleet requirement.
- TRU owners are required to turnover at least 15 percent of their truck TRU fleet (defined as truck TRUs operating in California) to zero-emission technology by December 31, 2023, and each year thereafter for seven years.
- Model year 2014 and older truck TRU engines were required to comply with ultra-low emission TRU in-use performance standard on or before December 31, 2021, prior to the October 1, 2022, effective date of the 2022 Amendments. Therefore, model year 2014 and older truck TRU engines that do not meet the ultra-low emission TRU in-use performance standard (have a Level 3 filter or use a qualifying Alternative Technology) can be cited for non-compliance if they operate in California.
Phase-in Compliance Schedule for Zero-Emission Truck TRU Fleet Requirement | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compliance deadline as of December 31 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 |
Fleet with 1 Truck TRU | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Fleet with 2 Truck TRUs | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Fleet with 3 Truck TRUs | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Fleet with 4 Truck TRUs | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
Fleet with 5 Truck TRUs | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
Fleet with 6 Truck TRUs | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
Fleet with 7 Truck TRUs | 15% | 30% | 45% | 60% | 75% | 90% | 100% |