CARB Fact Sheet: Passenger Locomotive Operators

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  • Passenger locomotives propel passenger cars to move people, not freight.
  • Passenger locomotives use head‑end power for functions such as heating, lighting, and air conditioning.
    • Head‑end power may be supplied by the primary engine or a separate diesel generator.
  • Travel routes range from short, local commuter distances to long, cross‑country trips.
  • Passenger operators in California include:
    • Metrolink
    • Caltrain
    • Amtrak
      • Pacific Surfliner
      • Capital Corridor
      • San Joaquins
    • Altamont Commuter Express
    • North Coast Transit District

Passenger Locomotives by Tier (2022)

table showing the number locomotives operated by passenger locomotive opertors of locomotives in each tier

1Some passenger operators use zero‑emission multiple units. Multiple units linked self‑powered cars controlled from a single location. Multiple units do not meet CARB’s definition of “locomotive”.

Passenger Operations and Locomotive Technology

  • Passenger operators have adopted cleaner locomotive technology fastest of all California locomotive operators.
  • Passenger locomotives are well‑suited to zero‑emission (ZE) operation.
    • Passenger locomotives run on set routes with regular station stops.
    • Passenger locomotive operators could give critical support to emerging ZE technologies through pilots and demonstrations.
  • Some passenger locomotive operators already use ZE technology.
    • Many of these operators use individually‑powered passenger multiple units.
  • Passenger locomotives can plug into the power grid with proper infrastructure.
    • Plugging in will allow a passenger train to run air conditioning, lighting, and other electrical systems with zero emissions.

    Incentive Funding

    CARB offers funding assistance to operators interested in Tier 4 or ZE locomotives. This includes remanufacturing and new purchases. Visit the CARB incentives webpage for more information.